The cycle time of the /45 with bipolar memory (max. 8 KW!) was 300 ns, MOS memories (max. 32 KW) were 450 ns, and core was 980 ns - but without memory management! The MMU added 90 ns to the cycle time.
|
Introduced in June 1972. The KB11 was a microcoded 18 bit CPU built
with SSI/MSI (Small/Medium Scale Integration) components. The machine had
two different buses: one was a UNIBUS with 18-bit addressing, the other
was a fast CPU-memory interconnect. It also introduced split I/D (Instruction/Data)
spaces (UNIX used this; the DEC operating systems did not), an MMU (Memory
Management Unit) option, and a optional FPU (Floating Point Unit). The
maximal ammount of memory was 128 Kwords.
The cycle time of the /45 with bipolar memory (max. 8 KW!) was 300 ns, MOS memories (max. 32 KW) were 450 ns, and core was 980 ns - but without memory management! The MMU added 90 ns to the cycle time. |
: rl(0,0)rlunix
Berkeley UNIX (Rev. 2.9.1) Sun Nov 20 14:55:50 PST 1983
mem = 135872
CONFIGURE SYSTEM:
xp 0 csr 176700 vector 254 attached
rk 0 csr 177400 vector 220 attached
hk ? csr 177440 vector 210 skipped: No CSR
rl 0 csr 174400 vector 160 attached
rp ? csr 176700 vector 254 interrupt vector already in use
ht 0 csr 172440 vector 224 skipped: No CSR
tm 0 csr 172520 vector 224 attached
ts 0 csr 172520 vector 224 interrupt vector already in use
dh ? csr 160020 vector 370 skipped: No CSR
dm ? csr 170500 vector 360 skipped: No autoconfig routines
dz ? csr 160110 vector 320 skipped: No CSR
dz ? csr 160110 vector 320 skipped: No CSR
dn 0 csr 175200 vector 300 skipped: No autoconfig routines
vp ? csr 177500 vector 174 skipped: No autoconfig routines
lp 0 csr 177514 vector 200 attached
Erase=^?, kill=^U, intr=^C
#
Now, check the system:
# dmesg
Sep 9 10:48
Berkeley UNIX (Rev. 2.9.1) Sun Nov 20 14:55:50 PST 1983
mem = 135872
#
Cool, we have 135K of RAM!
Now, check disk space:
# df
Filesystem Mounted on kbytes used
free % used
/dev/rl0 /
8158 1922 6236
24%
Cool, we have 8M to work with, this is one of those
new 10M RL disk!
Note, the ENTIRE OS only takes up 1.9M!
Here is a complete listing of all programs:
# pwd
/
# ls -R
.cshrc READ_ME
genallsys.sh mnt
tmp
.login bin
hkunix rkunix
unix
.msgsrc boot
lib rlunix
usr
.profile dev
lost+found rpunix
xpunix
2.9stamp etc
mdec swap
./bin:
# cmp
e icheck mt
pstat strip vi
[ cp
echo iostat mv
pwd stty view
adb csh
ed kill ncheck
ranlib su wc
ar date
edit l
newgrp restor sync who
as dcheck ex
ld nice rm
tail write
cat dd
expr ln nm
rmail tar yes
cc df
false login od
rmdir tee
chgrp diff fgrep
ls oldcsh sh
test
chmod du
file mail passwd
size time
chown dump find
make pr sleep
touch
clri dumpdir grep
mkdir ps sort
true
./dev:
MAKE rhk0a rm0b
rrl1 rxp0b tty02
ttyh5 xp0a
console rhk0b rm0c
rrm0a rxp0c tty03
ttyh6 xp0b
hk0a rhk0c rm0d
rrm0b rxp0d tty04
ttyh7 xp0c
hk0b rhk0d rm0e
rrm0c rxp0e tty05
ttyh8 xp0d
hk0c rhk0g rp0a
rrm0d rxp0f tty06
ttyh9 xp0e
hk0d rhk0h rp0b
rrm0e rxp0g tty07
ttyha xp0f
hk0g rk0
rp0c rrp0a rxp0h
ttyh0 ttyhb xp0g
hk0h rk1
rp0h rrp0b swap
ttyh1 ttyhc xp0h
kmem rl0
rrk0 rrp0c tty
ttyh2 ttyhd
mem rl1
rrk1 rrp0h tty00
ttyh3 ttyhe
null rm0a rrl0
rxp0a tty01 ttyh4
ttyhf
./dev/swap:
tab
./etc:
accton fstab
mkfs psdatabase
umount
admclean fstab.sample
mklost+found rc
update
autoconfig getty
mknod reboot
utmp
cron
group motd
savecore vipw
ddate hostname
mount shutdown
wall
dmesg ident
mtab termcap
dtab
init passwd
ttys
fsck
localhostname proto
ttytype
./lib:
as2 c2
f77_strings fcrt0.o libfpsim.a
c0
cpp f77pass1
fmcrt0.o libnonfpc.a
c1
crt0.o fc1
libc.a
./lost+found:
./mdec:
hkuboot hpuboot rkuboot rluboot rmuboot
rpuboot
./mnt:
./tmp:
./usr:
#
Lets check out who has accounts on this machine:
# cat /etc/passwd
root::0:2:The Man:/:/bin/csh
toor::0:2:The Man:/:
daemon:***:1:1:The devil himself:/:
sys:***:2:1::/:
bin:***:3:1::/:
uucp::4:1:UNIX-to-UNIX Copy:/usr/spool/uucppublic:/usr/lib/uucp/uucico
notes:***:5:1:Notesfiles maintainer:/usr/spool/notes:
anon:***:6:1:Notesfiles anonymous user:/usr/spool/notes:
news:***:7:1:News maintainer:/usr/spool/news:
wnj:ZDjXDBwXle2gc:8:2:Bill Joy,457E,7780:/a/guest/wnj:/bin/csh
dmr:AiInt5qKdjmHs:9:2:Dennis Ritchie:/a/guest/dmr:
ken:sq5UDrPlKj1nA:10:2:& Thompson:/a/guest/ken:
mike:KnKNwMkyCt8ZI:11:2:mike karels:/a/guest/mike:/bin/csh
carl:S2KiTfS3pH3kg:12:2:& Smith,508-21E,6258:/a/guest/carl:/bin/csh
joshua::999:2:&:/usr/games:/usr/games/wargames
WOW, Ken, Dennis, and Bill all use this machine!
Want to see the source code for cp (copy)? Here it is:
# cat cp.c
/*
* cp oldfile newfile
*/
main(argc,argv)
char **argv;
{
int buf[256];
int fold, fnew, n, ct,
tell;
char *p1, *p2, *bp;
int mode;
tell = 0;
if(argc == 4 &&
argv[1][0] == '-' && argv[1][1] == 't') {
argc--;
argv++;
tell = 1;
}
if(argc != 3) {
write(1, "Usage: cp oldfile newfile\n", 26);
exit(1);
}
if((fold = open(argv[1],
0)) < 0) {
write(1, "Cannot open old file.\n", 22);
exit(1);
}
fstat(fold, buf);
mode = buf[2];
if((fnew = creat(argv[2],
mode)) < 0){
stat(argv[2], buf);
if((buf[2] & 060000) == 040000) {
p1 = argv[1];
p2 = argv[2];
bp = buf;
while(*bp++ = *p2++);
bp[-1] = '/';
p2 = bp;
while(*bp = *p1++)
if(*bp++ == '/')
bp = p2;
if((fnew = creat(buf, mode)) < 0) {
write(1, "Cannot creat new file.\n", 23);
exit(1);
}
} else {
write(1, "Cannot creat new file.\n", 23);
exit(1);
}
}
while(n = read(fold,
buf, 512)) {
if(n < 0) {
write(1, "Read error\n", 11);
exit(1);
} else
if(write(fnew, buf, n) != n){
write(1, "Write error.\n", 13);
exit(1);
}
ct++;
}
if(tell) {
conf(ct, 6, buf);
buf[3] = '\n';
write(1, buf, 7);
}
exit(0);
}
conf(n,width,buf)
char
*buf;
{
auto
i,a;
i = width;
while(i--)
buf[i] = ' ';
buf[(a = n/10)?conf(a,--width,buf):--width] = n%10 + '0';
return(++width);
}
Humm, not very well commented...
Hope you enjoyed my PDP/BSD page!